Btrfs (B-tree file system) is a filesystem based on technology Copy-On-Write with advanced functionnality:

• maximum capacity per filesystem 2^64 octets == 16 EB
• Allow sub-volumes creation
• Ability to add/remove block devices without interruption
• Ability to balance the filesystem without interruption
• RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6 and RAID 10
• Snapshots and file cloning
• Compression (gzip / LZO)
• quotas
• defragmentation online
• checksum, Online data scrubbing for finding errors and automatically fixing them for files with redundant copies

Optional, dedup is partialy supported using an additionnal package duperemove or dduper

ZFS is a direct concurrent to BTRFS, with more functionality, but as it's not integrated to Linux kernel due to CDDL license which is incompatible with GPL license, it's not recommended to use it in production.

Create a filesystem on a patition, disk or logical volume (can be used with LVM)