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====== AIX: Tips and Tricks ======

==== Sum multiple lines ====

<cli prompt='>'>
root@prod /root> ps vx | sort -rn +4 | awk '{print $5}'
68087
2186
2186
898
704
700
578
560
550
508

root@prod /root> ps vx | sort -rn +4 | awk '{print $5}' | paste -s -d+ -
68087+2186+2186+898+704+700+578+560+550+508+

root@prod /root> ps vx | sort -rn +4 | awk '{print $5}' | paste -s -d+ - | bc
76957
</cli>




==== bash, absolute value ====

If a if > or < 0, this will give a value >0
<cli prompt='$'>
$ a=-3
$ echo ${a#-}
3
</cli>

==== Encode password : Base64 Encoding ====

**For encode in aes-256**

Decode password in tsmadmin.pwd file with a passphrase:
<cli prompt='#'>
# openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -in /etc/security/tsmadmin.pwd -pass pass:YHlj55Xva26o48J
</cli>

Encode a new password in tsmadmin.pwd file
First create a file secrets.txt and include new password in it.

Encode password in tsmadmin.pwd file :
<cli prompt='#'>
# openssl aes-256-cbc -a -in secrets.txt -out /etc/security/tsmadmin.pwd 
</cli>
It will request a passphrase for the encryption, use YHlj55Xva26o48J as passphrase

Also verify the permissions of the file.

**For encode in base64**

To encode a file text.plain you can use
<cli prompt='$'>
$ openssl enc -base64 -in text.plain -out text.base64
</cli>

To decode a file the the decrypt option (-d) has to be used
<cli prompt='$'>
$ openssl enc -d -base64 -in text.base64 -out text.plain
</cli>

Generate a 16 character password.
<cli prompt='$'>
$ openssl rand -base64 16
b4all5h6+sLvYh1TPl13yw==
</cli>

==== get file permissions in octal ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# stat -c"%a %G %U" dokuwiki-stable_2018-04-22b.tgz
700 apache apache
</cli>

==== Random counter ====

In HEXAdecimal
<cli prompt='#'>
# openssl rand -hex 12
ca36096f8eb60866593c022f
</cli>

Print a random number in decimal between 0 and 51
<cli prompt='#'>
# let rand=$RANDOM%52
# echo $rand
</cli>

==== Suppress non ascii character ====

<cli prompt='>'>
> cat .sh_history
�f #�#67#�#
fc -t #�#6604#�#

> cat .sh_history | perl -pe 's/[^[:ascii:]]//g'
df ##1559655978##
fc -t ##1559656904##
</cli>

==== Convert epoch to human readable date ====

Required **coreutils** RPM package
<cli prompt='#'>
# alias TS='_TS(){ /opt/freeware/bin/date --date="@$1" +%Y/%m/%d-%T ; }; _TS'
# TS 1502208414
2017/08/08-18:06:54
</cli>

What is the last login date for all users that try a connection:
<cli prompt='#'>
# alias TS='_TS(){ /opt/freeware/bin/date --date="@$1" +%Y/%m/%d-%T ; }; _TS'; lsuser -a time_last_login ALL | grep last | sed 's/time_last_login=//' | while read i j; do echo $i $(TS $j); done
root 2018/10/25-13:25:03
toto 2018/10/25-16:05:32
</cli>

Usung perl:
<cli prompt='>'>
[root@aix01] /root/scripts> perl -le 'print scalar localtime $ARGV[0]' 1268727836
Tue Mar 16 09:23:56 2010
</cli>

Convert seconds in hours,minutes,seconds
<cli prompt='#'>
# /opt/freeware/bin/date -u -d @6789 +"%T"
01:53:09
</cli>

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-count-days-since-a-specific-date-until-today-using-bash-shell

==== Compare files on different servers ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# ssh user@remote "cat /path/to/remote/file" | diff - /path/to/local/file
</cli>

==== Verification of environment settings for a running process under AIX ====

**ps eww <processid>**

(ps e displays the environment as well as the parameters to the command, up to a limit of 80 characters, ps eww wraps the display from the e flag and displays the ENV list until the flag reaches the LINE_MAX value) 

//Ex:// Check NSORDER if set during process startup
   ps -ef | grep ora_smon |grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -n1 ps eww | grep NSORDER
   
==== log ftpd sessions ====

Using ftpd daemon with option -l Sends logging information about ftpd daemon operations to the syslogd daemon. If you specify the -l flag, you must edit the /etc/syslog.conf file and add the following entry:
  daemon.info /var/log/ftp.log

Create the log file, and refresh syslogd:
<cli prompt='#'>
# touch /var/log/ftp.log
# refresh -s syslogd
</cli>

I think you need to edit inetd.conf to include the -l option to have it log by default:
<cli prompt='#'>
ftp     stream  tcp6    nowait  root    /usr/sbin/ftpd  ftpd -l
</cli>

Refresh inetd:
<cli prompt='#'>
# refresh -s inetd
# lssrc -ls ined
</cli>

Also available : ftpd -d to debug the use daemon.debug

==== Size of the terminal ====

Print the current number of lines and columns of your tty
<cli prompt='#'>
aixsrv # resize
COLUMNS=132;
LINES=40;
export COLUMNS LINES;
</cli>

==== Start a program in background ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# echo “/some_dir/myscript.sh” | at now
</cli>

==== Find files or directories not belonging to a user or group ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# find / -nouser
# find / -nogroup
</cli>

==== Find files or directories belonging to a user or group and change it ====

To change a userID / groupID, first top all processes from user

initial userID and groupID is 100 and 150, so first change into /etc/passd and /etc/group, then do it in 2 steps: user and then group
<cli prompt='#'>
# find / -user 100 -exec chown myuser {} + 
# find / -user 150 -exec chgrp mygrp {} + 
</cli>

You can aslo do it like
  find / -user 100 -exec chown myuser {} \;

==== Increase perf on NFS ====

NFS mount slow when accessing with sequential access (Ex TSM)

First, you set some AIX "nfso" tunables to their max values as follows:
<cli prompt='#'>
# nfso -p -o nfs_max_write_size=524288
# nfso -p -o nfs_max_read_size=524288
</cli>

(Use "nfso -L nfs_max_read_size" to see if the 'max' value of your system can go that high - otherwise you have some patching to look forward to. :-) )

...which then allows you to mount the NFS shares with the respectively higher values as well - ie use the mount options:
rsize=524288,wsize=524288

==== Change AIX device default attributes with "chdef" command ====

In addition, if you change an attributes default value with chdef, all of the current devices will take on this default value unless you had specifically set them to have a value (if they used the default before, and you change the default with chdef, then all current devices inherit the new default).  The only "gotcha" here is that if it is an attribute that requires a reboot to take effect you need to reboot for the new default attribute to become active for all the current devices (even though "lsattr" will lie and appear to show that it is active even though you need a reboot, similar to what "chdev -P" causes.  You can use "lsattr -P" to see this if running very new AIX versions).  If you had specifically set a device to have a value for one of their attributes, it will not be changed when you use "chdev" to change the default.  

For info ODM DB is : PdAt

**Example**
Change default vscsi_path_to to 30:
<cli prompt='#'>
# chdef -a vscsi_path_to=30 -c adapter -s vdevice -t IBM,v-scsi
</cli>
Change default vscsi_err_recov to fast_fail:
<cli prompt='#'>
# chdef -a vscsi_err_recov=fast_fail -c adapter -s vdevice -t IBM,v-scsi
</cli> 

Change default for Hitachi disk reserve_policy to no_reserve:
<cli prompt='#'>
# chdef -a reserve_policy=no_reserve -c disk -s fcp -t Hitachi
</cli> 

==== Sort files/folder by size ====

<cli prompt='#'>
/opt # du -sm ./* | sort -n
0.00    ./cam
0.00    ./lost+found
...
0.78    ./IBM
1.57    ./Tivoli
11.25   ./IBMinvscout
17.12   ./csm
18.85   ./ibm
24.07   ./tivoli
48.29   ./LicenseUseManagement
377.80  ./freeware
</cli>

==== Find based on size ====

Find files bigger than 1M (2048 in 512k blocs)
<cli prompt='#'>
# find /tmp -xdev -size +2048 -ls
</cli>

==== Get memory usage of biggest consumers with svmon ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# svmon -P -O summary=basic,unit=GB

Unit: GB
——————————————————————————-
     Pid Command          Inuse      Pin     Pgsp  Virtual
 5963998 db2sysc           65.6     0.04     6.46     65.7
12190188 db2vend           64.3     0.03     6.44     64.4
</cli>

==== AIX print special characters in a file ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# od -c file_name
0000000   \t   i   d   =   1   4   3   5  \n  \t   p   g   r   p   =   s
0000020    y   s   a   d   m   i   n  \n  \t   g   r   o   u   p   s   =
0000040    s   t   a   f   f   \n 
</cli>

==== AIX sed or tr to remove tab (011) or other special characters ====

(Ex: ctrl+M 015) in a file, using octal character code:

<cli prompt='#'>
# tr -d "\011" file_name > file_name1
or
# sed 's/'"$(echo '\011')"'//g' file_name
or
# /opt/freeware/bin/sed 's/^[ \t]*//' file_name
</cli>
http://www.unix-manuals.com/refs/misc/ascii-table.html

==== Encrypt a password using different algorithm ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# perl -e 'print crypt("password", "aes256"),"\n"'
aeC10Dk/ExaG.
</cli>

==== Password are limited to 8 character ====

This is maximum length with the standard AIX algorithm. You have to select an other algorithm to have up to 255 character: 
<cli prompt='#'>
# chsec -f /etc/security/login.cfg -s usw -a pwd_algorithm=smd5
</cli>

==== Hostname full qualified (FQN) can't be changed even if reboot ====

In such HACMP version, it hard code the full qualified hostname (long name), and the IP address into /etc/rc.net
   Solution: suppress these bad line from file 

==== old IP address is reapply during reboot ====

In such HACMP version, it hard code the full qualified hostname (long name), and the IP adress into /etc/rc.net
   Solution: suppress these bad line from file 

==== Create a big file called test which size is 100m (very fast) ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# /usr/sbin/lmktemp test 100m
</cli>

==== Rename a device (AIX6.1 TL6 minimum) ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# rendev -l hdisk1 -n hdisk99
</cli>

==== Start sendmail demon: ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# startsrc -s sendmail -a "-bd -q30m"
</cli>

==== Force to free the mailqueue ====

<cli prompt='#'>
# sendmail -v -q -O QueueLA=150 -O RefuseLA=199
</cli>

==== Extend logical volume ====

** error maximum allocation **

By default AIX logical volumes are limited to 512 PP (physical partitions), this is a soft value which was used to prevent an excessive increase of a filesystem, before when they can't be shrink online on previous AIX version.
<cli prompt='#'>
# chfs -a size=+40G /wpars/r6db10/oradata/r6db10/data 
0516-787 extendlv: Maximum allocation for logical volume fslv10
        is 7600.
# chlv -x 10000 fslv10
</cli>

==== Migrate a single PP to another disk ====

<code>
migratelp LVname/LPartnumber[ /Copynumber ] DestPV[/PPartNumber]
Ex:
[root@labotest]/root# lspv
hdisk0          00522e1d4d4bc4ce                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00522e1d2219e9fb                    rootvg          active
hdisk7          00522e1dbe9aef35                    nimvg           active
hdisk8          00522e1dbe9af0ea                    nimvg           active
[root@labotest]/root# lspv -M hdisk0 | head -1
hdisk0:1        hd5:1:2
[root@labotest]/root# lspv -M hdisk0 | head -10
hdisk0:1        hd5:1:2
hdisk0:2-75
hdisk0:76       tmplv:210  
hdisk0:77       tmplv:211  
hdisk0:78       tmplv:212  
hdisk0:79       tmplv:213  
hdisk0:80       tmplv:214  
hdisk0:81       tmplv:215  
hdisk0:82       tmplv:216  
hdisk0:83       tmplv:217  
[root@labotest]/root# migratelp tmplv/210 hdisk1

</code>

==== Convert UNIX library file .a into .so ====

Sometime, mostly for freeware package, you'll need a library file called .so instead of common AIX .a, then you can use the ar command which add a new package .so based on the conversion of AIX .a library file
<code>
[root@test]/opt/freeware/lib# ls -l libXpm*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     system       388738 Nov 08 2010  libXpm.a
[root@test]/opt/freeware/lib# ar -x libXpm.a
[root@test]/opt/freeware/lib# ls -l libXpm*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     system       388738 Nov 08 2010  libXpm.a
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     system       120524 Jun 17 14:55 libXpm.so.4
[root@test]/opt/freeware/lib# ln -s libXpm.so.4 libXpm.so  
[root@test]/opt/freeware/lib# ls -l libXpm*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     system       388738 Nov 08 2010  libXpm.a
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     system           11 Jun 17 15:02 libXpm.so -> libXpm.so.4
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     system       120524 Jun 17 14:55 libXpm.so.4
</code>

==== Set PVID on newly configured hdisk ====

<code>
# chdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes
</code>

==== Print disk size even if it doesn't belong to a VG ====

<code>
# getconf DISK_SIZE /dev/hdisk1
# bootinfo -s hdisk1
</code>

==== List all LV on a PV: ====

<cli prompt='#'>
[root@powerha1] # lqueryvg -p hdisk0 -L
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.1   hd5 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.2   hd6 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.3   hd8 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.4   hd4 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.5   hd2 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.6   hd9var 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.7   hd3 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.8   hd1 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.9   hd10opt 1
00f813df00004c000000013d59aad4f1.10  hd11admin 1
</cli>

==== SSH connection slow ====

Check into the configuration file /etc/ssh/sshd_config, comment the Listen on IPV6, and restart sshd demon:
<code>
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
 #ListenAddress ::
</code>

==== Debug for an AIX service ====

To enable the debug on a service:
<code>
startsrc -s qdaemon -a " -D/tmp/qdaemon.log"
</code>

==== AIX devices attributes ====

To list all devices
<code>
# # lsdev -C | more
...
en0            Available             Standard Ethernet Network Interface
ent0           Available             Virtual I/O Ethernet Adapter (l-lan)
et0            Defined               IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Network Interface
fcs0           Available C5-T0       Virtual Fibre Channel Client Adapter
fcs1           Available C6-T0       Virtual Fibre Channel Client Adapter
hdisk4         Available C7-T1-01    MPIO IBM 2076 FC Disk
hdisk5         Available C7-T1-01    MPIO IBM 2076 FC Disk
sys0           Available             System Object
</code>

To query current setting of a device:
<code>
# lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc
</code>

To set to a different value:
<code>
# chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc='4096'
</code>

==== Update AIX rpm virtual package ====

If you want to run the command manually: 
<code>
    # /usr/sbin/updtvpkg 

If you get an error similar to "cannot read header at 20760 for lookup" when running updtvpkg, run a rpm rebuilddb:

    # rpm --rebuilddb 
</code>

==== Hardware date ====

<code>
date -u
</code>

==== Change console settings from vty0 to vty1 ====

<code>
[root@nimsrv]/root# lscons -a
 current = /dev/vty0
 console_logname = /var/adm/ras/conslog
 console_logsize = 32768
 console_logverb = 1
 console_tagverb = 0
[root@nimsrv]/root# chcons -a login=enable /dev/vty1
</code>

==== Copy datas from one filesystem to another ====

cpio: copy all data but not sure for files bigger than 2GB\\
rsync: copy everything except special files (like bloc or character files)
<code>
# find /origfs -print | cpio -pvdmu /newfs
# rsync -grouptlvS /src_dir/ /dst_dir/ 
</code>

==== Binary in  32 or 64 bits ====

<code>
# dump -ov /usr/bin/bzip2
/usr/bin/bzip2:

                        ***Object Module Header***
# Sections      Symbol Ptr      # Symbols       Opt Hdr Len     Flags
         4      0x00000000              0                72     0x100f
Flags=( RELFLG EXEC LNNO LSYMS DYNLOAD DEP_SYSTEM )
Timestamp = "Sep 17 16:56:31 2009"
Magic = 0x1df  (32-bit XCOFF)
</code>

==== Library in  32 or 64 bits ====

Check if you have an error or not
<code>
nm -X32 libmod_sm20.so
nm -X64 libmod_sm20.so
</code>

==== Disable SSH prompt ====

Using commad line:
<code>
ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o LogLevel=ERROR <host>
</code>

Using a user config file: for a specific user create a file into home directory's .ssh/config, or for all users into /etc/ssh/ssh_config  (LogLevel can also be QUIET : no error)
<code>
StrictHostKeyChecking no 
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null 
LogLevel ERROR
</code>

==== Edit a file on a remote host ====

Use ssh command with -t option

==== VI: edit large files without out of memory problem ====

In case of memory problems:
  ex: 0602-101 Out of memory saving lines for undo.

By exporting the following variable, we can edit large files without having the out of memory problem:
<cli prompt='#'>export EXINIT="set ll=20000000"</cli>


==== Find all commands containing a word ====
  
Add the following alias in your .profile
  alias lscmd='for dir in `echo $PATH | tr ":" " "`; do for file in `ls -1 "$dir"`; do [ -x "$dir/$file" ] && echo $file; done; done | sort | uniq'

You can also run something like "lscmd | grep vary" to see commands that contain the word "vary" in them:
<cli prompt='#'>
# lscmd | grep vary
ipl_varyon
lvaryoffvg
lvaryonvg
varyoffvg
varyonvg
</cli>
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