====== Ansible variables ======

===== Understanding variable precedence =====

Ansible does apply variable precedence, and you might have a use for it. Here is the order of precedence from least to greatest (the last listed variables override all other variables):

        command line values (for example, -u my_user, these are not variables)
        role defaults (defined in role/defaults/main.yml) 1
        inventory file or script group vars 2
        inventory group_vars/all 3
        playbook group_vars/all 3
        inventory group_vars/* 3
        playbook group_vars/* 3
        inventory file or script host vars 2
        inventory host_vars/* 3
        playbook host_vars/* 3
        host facts / cached set_facts 4
        play vars
        play vars_prompt
        play vars_files
        role vars (defined in role/vars/main.yml)
        block vars (only for tasks in block)
        task vars (only for the task)
        include_vars
        set_facts / registered vars
        role (and include_role) params
        include params
        extra vars (for example, -e "user=my_user")(always win precedence)

In general, Ansible gives precedence to variables that were defined more recently, more actively, and with more explicit scope. Variables in the defaults folder inside a role are easily overridden. Anything in the vars directory of the role overrides previous versions of that variable in the namespace. Host and/or inventory variables override role defaults, but explicit includes such as the vars directory or an include_vars task override inventory variables.

===== Example in a playbook =====

Ex: yml file
<code>
- hosts: webservers
  vars:
    http_port: 80
    base_path: http://ansibile.local/wiki
    app_path: {{ base_path }}/{{ http_port }}
</code>

===== variables: facts =====

Facts are variable collected each time you contact a client. It contains IP adresses, OS type, level, hardware....

To improve you ansible command, you can use cache on server into /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg (here cache is valid for 1 hour)
<code>
[defaults]
fact_caching = jsonfile
fact_caching_timeout = 3600
fact_caching_connection = /tmp/myfacts
</code>

You can call them on the ansible server by using the command (xml output):
<cli prompt='#'>
opensuse:~ # ansible -m setup localhost 
 localhost | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "10.1.3.22"
        ],
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::209a:12e0:e8a7:8ea"
        ],
        "ansible_apparmor": {
            "status": "enabled"
        },
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
        "ansible_cmdline": {
            "BOOT_IMAGE": "/boot/vmlinuz-4.12.14-lp151.28.91-default",

        },
        "ansible_date_time": {
            "date": "2021-09-13",
            "day": "13",
            "epoch": "1631520866",
            "hour": "10",
            "minute": "14",
            "month": "09",
            "second": "26",
            "time": "10:14:26",
            "tz": "CEST",
            "tz_offset": "+0200",
            "weekday": "Monday",
            "weekday_number": "1",
            "weeknumber": "37",
            "year": "2021"
        },
...
       "ansible_distribution": "openSUSE Leap",
        "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
        "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/os-release",
        "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "SUSE",
        "ansible_distribution_major_version": "15",
        "ansible_distribution_release": "1",
        "ansible_distribution_version": "15.1",
</cli>

Example of facts on AIX
<code>
{
    "_ansible_facts_gathered": true,
    "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
        "10.10.10.100"
    ],
    "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
        "::1%1"
    ],
    "ansible_apparmor": {
        "status": "disabled"
    },
    "ansible_architecture": "chrp",
    "ansible_date_time": {
...
    },
    "ansible_distribution": "AIX",
    "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
    "ansible_distribution_release": "2",
    "ansible_distribution_version": "7.2",
    "ansible_nodename": "myaixhost",
    "ansible_os_family": "AIX",
    "ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum",
    "ansible_processor": "PowerPC_POWER8",
    "ansible_processor_cores": 8,
    "ansible_processor_count": 1,
    "ansible_product_name": "IBM,8284-22A",
    "ansible_product_serial": "21xxxxV",

</code>

Example on linux ppc64le
<code>
{
    "_ansible_facts_gathered": true,
    "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
        "10.x.x.x0"
    ],
    "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
        "fe80::5b6c:b599:xxx9:xxxc"
    ],
    "ansible_apparmor": {
        "status": "disabled"
    },
    "ansible_architecture": "ppc64le",
    "ansible_bios_date": "NA",
    "ansible_bios_vendor": "NA",
    "ansible_bios_version": "NA",
    "ansible_board_asset_tag": "NA",
    "ansible_board_name": "NA",
    "ansible_board_serial": "NA",
    "ansible_board_vendor": "NA",
    "ansible_board_version": "NA",
    "ansible_chassis_asset_tag": "NA",
    "ansible_chassis_serial": "NA",
    "ansible_chassis_vendor": "NA",
    "ansible_chassis_version": "NA",
    "ansible_cmdline": {
        "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-4.18.0-240.el8.ppc64le",
    "ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
    "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
    "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release",
    "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat",
    "ansible_distribution_major_version": "8",
    "ansible_distribution_release": "NA",
    "ansible_distribution_version": "8.4",
    "ansible_nodename": "mylnxhost",
    "ansible_os_family": "RedHat",

</code>

==== How to Create and Use Custom Facts in Ansible ====

Custom facts (local facts) are the variables which are declared on ansible managed host. Custom facts are declared in ini or json file in the /etc/ansible/facts.d directory on managed host. File names of custom facts must have .fact extension.

https://www.linuxtechi.com/create-use-custom-facts-in-ansible/


Get the value of a variable Ex: var1
<cli prompt='#'>
opensuse:~ # ansible -i "node2," all -e "var1=toto" -m debug -a 'msg={{ var1 }}'
</cli>

===== Ansible inventory =====

<cli prompt='$'>
$ ansible --version | grep 'config file'
  config file = /home/tux/.ansible.cfg
$ ansible-config dump --only-changed
DEFAULT_BECOME(/home/tux/.ansible.cfg) = True
DEFAULT_BECOME_METHOD(/home/tux/.ansible.cfg) = sudo
DEFAULT_HOST_LIST(/home/tux/.ansible.cfg) = ['/home/tux/
inventory']
DEFAULT_REMOTE_USER(/home/tux/.ansible.cfg) = ansible
</cli>

List all hosts, use the keyword **all**. To specify all host not in a group use **ungrouped**
<cli prompt='$'>
$ ansible all --list-hosts
  hosts (21):
    green.example.com
    blue.example.com
    192.168.100.1
    192.168.100.10
    alpha.example.org
    beta.example.org
    www001.example.com
    www002.example.com
    www003.example.com
    db-99-node.example.com
    db-100-node.example.com
    db-101-node.example.com
</cli>

List the group webservers 
<cli prompt='$'>
$ ansible webservers --list-hosts
  hosts (10):
    alpha.example.org
    beta.example.org
    192.168.1.100
    192.168.1.110
    www001.example.com
    www002.example.com
    www003.example.com
</cli>

Print inventory in YML format
<cli prompt='$'>
$ ansible-inventory --list --yaml
all:
  children:
    ungrouped:
      hosts:
        172.16.120.161: {}
        172.16.120.185: {}
        172.16.120.188: {}
</cli>

===== Custom variable =====

==== Time / date ====

<code>
- hosts: test
  vars:
    time: "{{ lookup('pipe', 'date -d \"1 day ago\" +\"%Y%m%d\"') }}"
</code>